Cylinder and piston construction for internal-combustion engines.



c. M. BLANGHARD. CYLINDER AND PISTON CONSTRUCTION IORINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES,

APPLICATION FILED JAN.22, 1913.

1,124,839, Patented 1311.12, 1915.

WWI 5555's. 171/2 17/1 7022 cHAnLns M. ntanonann, "or ELYBIA, onto.

'cYLINnnn Ann PISTON coNs'rnU-crrorr non .INTERnaL-cot nUsaIorr nncrnns.

To all I l/10127 it mag concern:

'- Be it known that 1, CHARLES M.BLANC;rI=-- ARD,.8. citizen of the United States, residing at Elyria, in the county of Lorain and State p a p p provided With'a suitablebase '13, which, as shown, may consist of an integral lower of Ohio, have invented a certain'new'and useful Improvement-in Cylinder and Piston Construction for Internal -;COInbustion En-.

gines, of which the following is at full, clear,

and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to the cylinder and engines, of the type wherein there are two pistons of different diameters connected tandem.

I Oneof the objects of the invention is to provide a light but strong cylinder of simj ple construction, made of separable.parts eifectlvely connected, andhaving commun1- catlng bores.

allowing easy accessibility of-the parts.

Another object is to provide a Watercir-v culating system. through both pistons in connection with a Water jacket in the cylinder around one of them. v

A preferred form of my lnvention 1s illustrated 1n the accompanying drawings and 1s hereinafter more fully described.

In the drawings,"Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section taken through the cylinder' and piston; Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section of the larger cylinder taken on the line 2 2 on Fig. 1; Fig- 3 is a modification. of my water circulating system, the same being. a vertical longitudinal section of the pistons and cylinder; F ig. a is an enlarged section of a portion of the larger piston, shown in- Fig. 1, illustrating the packing about the tubexconduciting the water from" the cylinder-jacket to the piston,' this View being taken substantially on the -li ne ji' -4= cfjFig. 2." i

As shownin the drawings," lddndicates ;-that portion of the engine frame in which is journaled the crank. shaft, and 11 indicates the larger cylinder connected with. that frame portion. This cylinder has a com:

' paratively large bore, the outer portion of which receives a cylindrical smaller cylinder 12. This cyl1nder12 has an annular flange 16, by means of which it may be bolted to the cylinder 11; at its front or outer endit has a slightly enlarged bore 7 Specification-of Letters fatent. I

piston construction of internal combustion.

ortion .of the inner cylinder.

Patented Jan. 12, 1e15,- Application filedJ-anuary e2, 1913; ea-.11 m. 743,451.

thus forming-a combustion chamber in this end of the cylinder. The cylinder 11 is portion of the same casting.

Connected pistons 15and .18 occupy the cylinders 11 and 12 respectively. :The piston 15 has a wrist pin 24 suitably heldtherein, on which is j ournaled the inner end of a connecting rod 25. This connects with the crank (not shown) .on the main crank shaft of the engine carriedby the frame 10, in the usual manner.-

It, will be seen that the cylinder 12 projects into the cylinder 11 for a considerable distance. Registering Y ports are made through the overlapping walls of the twocylinders. Thus the. admission port'con- 'sists of a passageway 30 in, the cylinder 11 andthe registering passageway 31in the cylinder 12', and theexhaustport comprises a passageway 32' in the cylinder 12 and a passageway 33 through thecylinder 11, the

latter passagewaycommunicating with an exhaust pipe 34;. ,Bymaking these ,pprts through the overlapping portions-either cylinder and bOltiI 1%:the .cylinders together be- .yond the ports y means of the flange 16 and bolts 17.; the weakest portion of the' construction, namely"; the parts adj acent of the ports in the inner cylinder, is relieved of the working strain caused by the compres sion' and combustion. Accordingly, the

Walls of, thiscylinder maybe made liter, and-thus maybe more easily kept cool-{by the water jacket hereinafter described? The cylinder 12 has an inner and an outerwall, the space. between-which. provides a fsiiitablewva'ter jacke't- This jacket is di- -;vided a.horizontal .diaphragm 36 ,on both sides ofthecylinder andhas Ian-intake at 37' and an :foutlet at 38.; The pistons are pro- .videdlvvith internal passageways-which are i in communication with the water space described by means of tubes carried either by the piston or cylinder and slidably projecting into the other member, 'In the form shown in Fig. 1, the tubes are carried by the inner cylinder and slide-in the larger; piston. In the form shown in-Fig. 3, the arrangement is reversed and the tubes are carried by the larger piston and slide into the Referring firstto .1 and 2-; at the inner end of the cylinder 12, and in communlcation with thejwater jacket 35, are two tubes 40, having a threaded portion 41, and

'to clear. the a'ngularhead 42 on the tube 40.

Fitted into the bore 45 in 'the inner end of the piston 18 are two tubes 53 having intermediate flanges-55 through which pass cap screws 56 screwing the tubes to the piston. These tubes 53 are larger than the. tube 40 and pass overthem while leaving a space between them-'- for water.

.The istufiing boxes formed around the tubes 40.1 in the bores 48 are constructed as follows: An inner ring 60 is fitted into the bore. 48 and has its edge suitably beveled; next to this ring is packing 61; then comes another ring 62 fitted over the tube and also having a beveled edge. It is held against the packing by means of a spring 64 between the inner end of the tube 53 and said ring 62. This keeps the packing pressed against the tube 40 at a suitable pressure so that it may slide freely along 35 the .tube without leakage, while the piston is reciprocated.

Leading from the passageways to the front portion of the piston 15, where it joins the piston 18, are two passageways 66. Regao istering with these passageways 66 are two passageways 68, in the piston 18, leading forwardto a chamber 70 formed at the working end of this piston. This chamber is formed by an inner wall 69, a short dis- 45 tance-fromthe working end. Now, itwill be seen that water entering from the pipe 37 and filling the water jacket 35, below the diaphragm 36, will pass through the tube 40, back to the tube 53 to the passageway 66,

. through the passage 68 and into the chamber 70 in the working end of the piston 18. From this point the course of the water continues Via .the upper passageway 68 and 66 and through the upper tube 40 into the cylinder jacket and out through the pipe 38. The heating of the water in the chamber 70 maintains a continuous flow through the piston, thus keeping them cool. In a vertical engine the water is made to flow through the so pistons by using water under pressure at the intake 37.

In order to make the parts conveniently accessible, I secure the piston 15 to the piston 18 by means of bolts 75, Figs. 2 and 3,

which screw into the end of the piston 18 masses and pass through suitable lugs 76 in the piston 15. These bolts .are accessible from the openend, and by removing these bolts orcap screws, the two pistons may be separated and drawn out of their respective cylinders, it being only necessary to detach the crank pin from the connecting rod 25 in order to slide these pistons of of their cylinders. This provides a convenient access to the cylinders for cleaning or repairing purposes. With these parts separated, it will be seen, the tubes may be readily removed. for any'desired purpose, or with the piston 15 removed, the stufiing boxes in the bores 48 may be replaced and the water passages readily cleaned.

The packing of the stuiling boxes in the bores 48 may be readily replaced without removing the piston 15 in the following manner. The-tubes 53 are removed and the packing .placed inside of a straight tube which is made to slide freely in the bore'46, This tube containing the packing is pushed in till it abuts the shoulder at the inner end of the bore 46, and the packing is then pushed out of it into the position in the bore 48 by means of a smaller tube made to slide freely inside the first tube and over the'tube 40.

A slightly modified form of the water circulating system described, is shown in Fig. 3, in which the two bores 80 in the piston 15 extend longitudinally through the piston, havinginternal threads at the head end of this piston. These threads are adapted to receive the threaded heads 81 on the two tubes 82 corresponding to the two tubes 40 in the form shown. in Fig. 1. Inside this head, the opening in communlcation wlth the tube may be enlarged and made angular to receive 'a suitabletool for screwing the headin'to the piston. The ends of the bores 80 toward the main crank of the engine are closed by means of plugs 83, screwed into the bores. I

With the two tubes 82 attached to the p ston 15 in the manner shown in Fig. 3, it Wlhl be seen that the tubes extend into the water' jacket 35 of the cylinder 12, and stuffing boxes similar, to the stuffing boxes descrlbed in connection: with Fig. 1, embrace the tubes at the inner end of the cylinder 12. These two rings 84 and 85 are set into a sultable bore 86 having packing between them and,

are pressing against the packing by means of a spring 87, which presses agamst the ring 85, and is held in place by a threaded ring 88, screwed into the cylinder at this point and fitting over the tube 82.

T o assemble these parts, it is only necessary to remove piston 15 from the cylinder 11 and arrange the stufiing boxes around the tubes 82; then press the piston 15 up against the, two heads 81, so that the threads on said heads'will engage the corresponding threads lateness piston, then. insert an angular tool the upperportionof the water jacket and 1 the exit portion 38, as described in connection with 'Fig. 1. The diaphragm 36 is. omitted in this form, water may also circ u.

late around-the cylinder without passing through the pistons.

Means of easy access to the stufling boxes 86 may be made by cutting two openings through the cylinder 11, as indicated by' broken lines at 90 and 91, and providing-re niova-ble openings.

plates for normally closing these 25 It will be seen that the piston l5-forms a crosshead for the connecting rod 2-5'and' if it were-not-desired to use a second piston, as herein described, the water circulation to through the'main piston could be provided by making corresponding passages and connections an ordinary crossheadt.

By either of th constructions described,

.I have'provided a very simple, convenient and eflicient water circulating system for the cylindersand pistons. I have also provided a light, cheap and strong cylinder construction. The parts are easily assembled and are easily. separated whenever occasion requires.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: j

l. The combination of two cylinders of difierent diameter, the smaller cylinder being water jacketed, two corresponding pis tons operating in said cylinders and connected'togther, communicating water spaces in the walls or said pistons, the outer portion "of thellarger piston standing opposite the jend of the water jacket in the smaller cylinder, and a sliding tubular connection between the larger piston and the water jacket comprising a tube carried by one of such l members and slidably extending into the other. a I

2. vThe combination of two cylinders of different diameter arranged tandem, tandem pistons connected together and occupyi ing .the cylinders respectively, a chamber 6 within the head of the smaller piston, passageways to and from said chamber in the upper and lower portion of the smallerpiston and in the upper and lower portion of the i larger piston, said passageways in the larger piston standing opposite the end of'tne water 7 cylinder, a piston therein, abutting the end of the main piston, com-v municatlng openings within the mam-piston jacket of the smaller cylinder, and tubes'extending parallel with the'a'xis of'the pistons and furnishing communication between the water jacket of' the cylinder and the water space of'the, larger piston. P

3. The combination oftandem cylinders of dili'erent diameters, connected tandem pistons occupying said cylinders, the smaller cylinder having a water jacket, the end of which is in alinement with the outer portion of the larger piston, water space within the head of the smaller piston, water passageways thereto and therefrom within the wallsof the two pistons, and tubes parallel with the axis of the p stons and providing communication between the water jacket and the water space in-the larger piston, said tubes being screwthreaded near one end 1nto one of said members opposite the water jacket space and extending into the other member, and stufi'-.

ing boxes carried by said other member and embracing said tubes.

4; The combination of tandemcylinders of different diameters, the smaller-cylinder being water jacketed, 'tw-o pistons in the saidcylinders respectively, bolts accessible on the crank side of the larger piston securing it to thesmaller piston, communicating water passageways in the walls of the two pistons,"

and sliding tubular connections between said passageways in'the larger piston and the end of said water jacket. 7

5. The combination of a water jacketed a larger piston and saidlarger piston, tubes in communication with the water jacket and carried by said cylinder parallel with the. axis of the pistons and extending into the larger piston, stufiing boxes carried by the larger piston embracing said tubes, and larger'tubes carried by the larger piston and freely surrounding the end portion ofthe tubes first mentioned, said larger tubes. being closed at their outer ends,

6. The combination, with two cylinders of diii'erent diameters arranged tandem in horizontal position, the smaller cylinder being water jacketed, two pistons in there.- spective cylinders connected together, communicating water spaces in the two .pistons,.

tons respectively, said tubes being carried by the water jacket and in communication j tubes above and below the axisof the pis- .7; The combination, with a water jacket cylinder, of a hollow piston, meansdividing' the water jacketinto two chambers one :abqve the other, andiheans foiestablishing counication between each of said 0113111 rounding the sliding tubes, one member of' hers and the chamber of the piston, whereby the water may, flow from the lower chamber through the piston to the upper chamber.

8. The combination of two pistons of different diameterssecured together, communicating chambers in the two pistons, a

water jacketed cylinder for the smaller pis-i ton, and sliding tubular connections between the end of the water jacket and the chamber of the larger piston, stuffing boxes surthe stufling boxes being slidabl-y mounted, and a' spring pressing the same toward its packin r 1 9. The combination of two pistons of different diameters secured together, communithe water jacket.

10. The combination of two pistons of diflerent diameters secured together, a water jacketed cylinder for-"the smaller piston,

chambers in the larger piston opposite the end of the water. jacket, and sliding tubular connections between said chambers and 11. The combinatiomwith a water jacketed cylinder, of a hollow piston, means for di riding the chamber,

acket into an upper and-a lower the chamber of the piston, and means for supplying the water to the lower chamber, I

whereby it may flow from the lower chamber through the piston to the upper chamlntestimony whereof, I hereunto aflil; my

signature in the presence of two' witnesses.

' CHARLES BLANCHARD.

Witnesses: I i

BRENNAN B. WEST, ALBERT H. Barns.

means for establishing .communication .between each' of sa d chambers and 

